Bài 1:

\(2x^4+ax^2+bx+c⋮x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^4+ax^2+bx+c=\left(x-2\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)

Thay \(x=2\Leftrightarrow32+4a+2b+c=0\Leftrightarrow4a+2b+c=-32\left(1\right)\)

\(2x^4+ax^2+bx+c:\left(x^2-1\right)R2x\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^4+ax^2+bx+c=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\cdot b\left(x\right)+2x\)

Thay \(x=1\Leftrightarrow2+a+b+c=2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\left(2\right)\)

Thay \(x=-1\Leftrightarrow2+a-b+c=-2\Leftrightarrow a-b+c=-4\left(3\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\\a+b+c=0\\a-b+c=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{34}{3}\\b=2\\c=\dfrac{28}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

Do \(f\left(x\right):x^2+x-12\) được thương bậc 2 nên dư bậc 1

Gọi đa thức dư là \(ax+b\)

Vì \(f\left(x\right):x^2+x-12\) được thương là \(x^2+3\) và còn dư nên

\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+x-12\right)\left(x^2+3\right)+ax+b\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3\right)+ax+b\)

Thay \(x=3\Leftrightarrow f\left(3\right)=3a+b\)

Mà \(f\left(x\right):\left(x-3\right)R2\Leftrightarrow f\left(3\right)=2\Leftrightarrow3a+b=2\left(1\right)\)

Thay \(x=-4\Leftrightarrow f\left(-4\right)=-4a+b\)

Mà \(f\left(x\right):\left(x+4\right)R9\Leftrightarrow f\left(-4\right)=9\Leftrightarrow-4a+b=-9\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=2\\-4a+b=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do đó \(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+x-12\right)\left(x^2+3\right)-x+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=x^4+3x^2+x^3+3x-12x^2-36-x+5\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=x^4+x^3-9x^2+2x-31\)

Vì \(f\left(x\right)⋮x-2;f\left(x\right):x^2-1\) dư 1\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)\cdot\left(x-2\right)\\f\left(x\right)=q\left(x\right)\left(x^2-1\right)+x=q\left(x\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+x\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(2\right)=0\\f\left(1\right)=1\\f\left(-1\right)=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}32+4a+2b+c=0\\2+a+b+c=1\\2+a-b+c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\left(1\right)\\a+b+c=-1\left(2\right)\\a-b+c=-3\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

 Trừ từng vế của (2) cho (3) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow2b=2\Rightarrow b=1\)

Thay b=1 vào lần lượt (1) ,(2),(3) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2+c=-32\\a+1+c=-1\\a-1+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+c=-34\\a+c=-2\\a+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+c=-34\left(4\right)\\a+c=-2\left(5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trừ từng vế của (4) cho (5) ta được:

\(\Rightarrow3a=-32\Rightarrow a=-\dfrac{32}{3}\Rightarrow c=-2+\dfrac{32}{3}=\dfrac{26}{3}\) Vậy...

\(f\left(x\right)=ax^3+bx+c\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}f\left(-2\right)=0\\f\left(1\right)=1+5=6\\f\left(-1\right)=-1+5=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-8a-2b+c=0\\a+b+c=6\\-a-b+c=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=\frac{1}{2}\\c=5\end{cases}}\)